The Fleet Owner Guide to Diesel Engines

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Fleet Owner / August 24, 2015

Over the past 14 years, federal emissions standards for trucks led to the introduction of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in 2002, Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) in 2007 and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in 2010. In 2014, the first fuel efficiency rules for trucks went into effect and a new set of even higher MPG standards will be required beginning in January 2017.

In mid-2015, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued proposed greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy regulations for model years 2021 through 2027. Compared with 2018 levels, the long anticipated Phase 2 rules would cut carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption in tractors by up to 24% in 2027.

The newly proposed separate standards for engines and vehicles would apply to heavy- and medium-duty trucks, all work trucks and buses, and large pickup trucks and vans. The proposed standards also include the first federal efficiency requirements for new trailers.

In the rulemaking proposal, NHTSA and EPA claim that operators of 2027 model year long haul trucks would recover the added cost of new engine technology through fuel savings in less than two years. To help make the most cost effective decisions in the changing engine landscape, FLEET OWNER has put together this guide to every major diesel engine model now offered for sale in on-road U.S. commercial trucks.

Arranged alphabetically by manufacturer, the following guide offers concise information on engine configuration, displacement, horsepower and torque ranges, and descriptions of engine features and intended applications. Web addresses for additional technical information are also included.

Cummins

www.cumminsengines.com

ISX15 (2017)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 15L

Horsepower: 400-605

Peak torque: Not Available

The 2017 ISX15 is being offered in two ratings groups for on-highway, heavy-duty operations: 485 to 605 HP for prolonged peak torque and a broader power band that maximizes pulling power for hauling heavy loads, and 400-500 HP for peak torque at lower RPMs and to enable downspeeding. The 400-500 HP versions are offered with the manufacturer’s optional ADEPT suite of electronic features that interact with automated manual transmissions to preview upcoming terrain and make minor adjustments to speed, power and transmission gear to maximize efficiency by taking advantage of vehicle momentum. Features of the 2017 ISX15 include a new turbocharger, a more compact, Single Module aftertreatment system, a series of components that reduce parasitic loads and optimize combustion, and an enhanced INTEBRAKE with increased braking power at lower RPMs.

ISX15 (2013)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 15L

Horsepower: 400-600

Peak torque: 2050 lb.-ft.

Certified to meet 2014 EPA emissions regulations, the 2013 ISX15 is equipped with On-Board Diagnostics (OBD), more efficient fuel and water pumps to provide more usable horsepower, and an optimized combustion system that needs fewer active regenerations of the aftertreatment system. Ratings ranging from 400-600 HP with up to 2050 lb.-ft. of peak torque includes SmartTorque ratings that add 200 lb.-ft. of torque in the top two gears for climbing steep grades with fewer downshifts. Vocational ratings have additional torque in the lower gear ranges.

ISX15 SmartAdvantage Powertrain

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 15L

Horsepower: 400-450

Peak torque: 1750 lb.-ft.

The SmartAdvantage Powertrain combines a Cummins ISX15 SmartTorque2 (ST2) engine with the Eaton Fuller Advantage 10-Speed Automated Transmission. To improve fuel economy and determine the torque required, the engine and transmission share data.

The Cummins ISX15 with SmartTorque2 (ST2) delivers higher torque earlier in the RPM range to match load demand and helps improve fuel economy through the combination of downspeeding, communication between the engine and transmission, and the use of direct drive. Four ratings are currently available: 400 HP-1450/1650 lb.-ft., 400 HP-1550/1750 lb.-ft., 420 HP-1550/1750 lb.-ft., and 450 HP-1550/1750 lb.-ft.

ISX12 (2013)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12L

Horsepower: 310-425

Peak torque: 1650 lb.-ft.

The Cummins ISX12 for all types of work trucks combines technology from the ISX15 with a high power-to-weight ratio and over 800 lb.-ft. of clutch engagement torque. The 2013 ISX12 meets 2014 greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency regulations and is equipped with On-Board Diagnostics (OBD). ISX12 vocational ratings from 320-425 HP provide additional torque in lower gears and are offered with front- and rear-mounted power take-off and hydraulic drive options for rear- and front-pouring mixers as well as dump trucks and refuse haulers. For LTL and day cab trucks the engine if offered with SmartTorque ratings for an additional 200 lb-ft of torque in the two top gears.

ISX12 SmartAdvantage Powertrain (2013)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12L

Horsepower: 425

Peak torque: 1650 lb.-ft.

The ISX12 SmartAdvantage Powertrain combines a Cummins ISX12 SmartTorque2 (ST2) engine with the Eaton Fuller Advantage Automated Transmission. To improve fuel economy and determine the torque required, the engine and transmission share data. The Cummins ISX15 with SmartTorque2 (ST2) delivers higher torque earlier in the RPM range to match load demand and helps improve fuel economy through the combination of downspeeding, communication between the engine and transmission, and the use of direct drive.

ISL9 (2013)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 9L

Horsepower: 260-380

Peak torque: 1250 lb.-ft.

The ISL9 for medium-duty trucks features common technology with Cummins ISX15 and ISX12 models, including the XPI fuel system, a high-capacity Electronic Control Module (ECM) and the Cummins VGT Turbocharger from Cummins Turbo Technologies. The engine produces 550 lb.-ft. of clutch engagement torque and is offered with optional features that include engine braking, and both a Rear-Engine Power Take Off (REPTO) and a Front-Engine Power Take Off (FEPTO).

ISB6.7 (2013)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 6.7L

Horsepower: 200-325

Peak torque: 750 lb.-ft.

Designed for pickup and delivery, step van and medium-duty trucks, the ISB6.7 for 2013 features the addition of an air intake throttle that makes the EGR system more efficient, reducing parasitic losses. The Cummins ISB6.7 meets 2014 greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency regulations. Emissions are managed by the Cummins Aftertreatment System, an entire integrated unit from air handling to exhaust aftertreatment. The 2013 ISB 6.7 is equipped with On-Board Diagnostics and features High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) fuel injection.

The 6.7L Cummins Turbo Diesel, rated at 325 HP and 750 lb.-ft. of peak torque for model year 2016 Ram pickups features increased horsepower and torque ratings based on transmission choice, a new cooling system with 25 percent more heat-rejection capacity and is B20-biodiesel capable. The 2013 6.7L Turbo for Ram 3500/4500/5500 chassis cabs can be configured with a choice of automatic or manual transmissions.

ISV5.0 (2013)

Configuration: V8

Displacement: 5L

Horsepower: 200-275

Peak torque: 560 lb.-ft.

For pickup and delivery vehicles, school buses, light-duty commercial trucks and motor homes, the ISV5.0 features a High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) fuel system, a Cummins VGT Turbocharger and Cummins emission control technology. Weight-saving components include a compacted graphite iron block, and an aluminum alloy head and composite valve covers. The ISV5.0 will be certified to the near-zero NOx and PM emissions levels and meets 2014 GHG requirements and 2013 Air Resources Board (ARB) standards, including on board diagnostics. A 300-HP version will be built for the Nissan Titan.

Detroit

www.demanddetroit.com

DD16 (aka. Mercedes-Benz OM473)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 15.6 L

Horsepower: 475-600

Peak torque: 2050 lb.-ft.

The largest engine in the Detroit lineup, the DD16 features the manufacturer’s Amplified Common Rail System (ACRS) with variable injection patterns for optimizing fuel economy across all modes of engine operation, a turbo-compounding system that recovers normally wasted exhaust gases, and an integrated Jacobs Engine Brake. The DD16 is compliant with 2014 greenhouse gas requirements. BlueTec emissions technology on the DD16 is available in a variety of packaging solutions with Detroit’s 1-Box Emissions Package that combines the DOC, DPF, SCR catalyst and DEF doser. Designed for construction, dump, logging, mining and other heavy haul operations, the DD16 is available in the Freightliner Cascadia, Coronado and 122SD and in Western Star 4900, 5700XE and 6900 models.

DD15/DD15TC (aka. Mercedes-Benz OM472)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 14.8 L

Horsepower: 455-505

Peak torque: 1750 lb.-ft.

DD15 engines feature an asymmetric turbocharger matched to its EGR system, an updated piston design that reduces friction and Detroit’s Amplified Common Rail Fuel System (ACRS), along with a variable-speed water pump that controls flow based on engine speed and coolant temperature. The DD15 meets 2014 greenhouse gas requirements with the manufacturer’s BlueTec SCR emissions technology that includes the DOC, DPF, DEF and SCR catalyst. The DD15 is available on Freightliner Cascadia Evolution and Western Star 5700XE models used in distribution, long haul and specialty hauling operations. The DD15TC for distribution, specialty haul and a variety of vocational applications including construction, dump, logging and refuse operations, is offered in the Freightliner Cascadia, Coronado and 122SD, and in the Western Star 4900 and 6900.

DD13 (aka. Mercedes-Benz OM471)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12.8 L

Horsepower: 350-470

Peak torque: 1650 lb.-ft.

Designed for less-than-truckload, regional distribution and vocational applications, the DD13 share 65% of its parts with the DD15 and DD16, including the manufacturer’s BlueTec emissions technology, Amplified Common Rail System (ACRS) and asymmetrical turbocharger, and is equipped with a three-stage integrated Jacobs engine brake. The engine, which has a peak torque range from 1,000 to 1,500 RPM, meets 2013 OBD and 2014 greenhouse gas regulations. The DD13 is available on Freightliner Cascadia and Cascadia Evolution, Coronado, 114SD and Business Class M2 models.

Ford

www.ford.com/commercial-trucks

Power Stroke V8 Turbo Diesel (AVL-designed)

Configuration: V8

Displacement: 6.7L

Horsepower: 270-440

Peak torque: 860 lb.-ft.

The 6.7-liter Power Stroke V8 diesel is offered as an option in Ford F-Series Super Duty F-250 to F-550 pickups and chassis cabs and in 2016 Ford F-650/F-750 medium-duty trucks in 270, 300 and 330-HP ratings with no vocational restrictions. Key features of the B20 capable, 32-valve diesel are a compacted graphite iron engine block that helps reduce noise, vibration and harshness, shorter airflow from the exhaust system to a larger turbocharger, a high-pressure common-rail fuel-injection system and instant-start glow plugs for quick start-ups.

I-5 Power Stroke Turbo Diesel (global market Ford Duratorq 3.2 diesel)

Configuration: Inline 5

Displacement: 3.2L

Horsepower: 185

Peak torque: 350 lb.-ft.

The direct-injected 3.2L, B20 biodiesel-capable Power Stroke diesel, available in the Ford Transit commercial van, features an optional manual regen initiation (with or without active regen inhibitor) eliminating the need to operate at cruising speed to get the engine temperature high enough to initiate regeneration. The engine, offered in low- and medium-roof regular-wheelbase Transit models, provides 90 percent of its peak torque from 1,500 to 2,750 RPM and has a variable geometry turbocharger.

GMC

www.gmfleet.com

Duramax 6.6L

Configuration: V8

Displacement: 6.6L

Horsepower: 397

Peak torque: 765 lb.-ft.

The Duramax 6.6-liter diesel paired with an Allison 1000 six-speed automatic transmission is available on GMC Sierra and Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD and 3500HD and 4500 models and in Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana full size vans. The engine, with B20 biodiesel capability, features a high-pressure Piezo-actuated fuel system and a variable vane turbocharger that also acts as an exhaust brake. The engine’s SCR system has a range of about 5,000 miles between DEF refills, and provides about 700 miles between DPF regenerations.

Duramax 2.8L

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 2.8L

Horsepower: 181

Peak torque: 369 lb.-ft.

Part of General Motors’ global family of turbo-diesel four-cylinder engines, the 2.8-liter Duramax will be offered in the 2016 GMC Canyon SLE and SLT Crew Cab models, with 2WD or 4WD. The B20 biodiesel capable engine uses cooled EGR to help lower combustion temperatures and rates. Other features include an iron cylinder block and aluminum DOHC cylinder head, forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods, an oiling circuit that includes a dedicated feed for the turbocharger, piston-cooling oil jets, a common rail direct injection fuel system and a variable-geometry turbocharger.

Hino Trucks

www.hino.com/trucks

J08E-VB

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 8L

Horsepower: 260

Peak torque: 660 lb.-ft.

Combining cooled EGR with Selective Catalytic Reduction [sCR] for emission control allows the Hino J08E engine to meet 2010 EPA emissions standards. The B20 biodiesel rated engine has common rail fuel injection supplied by constant pressure pumps and a variable geometry turbocharger design.

J08E-VC

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 8L

Horsepower: 220

Peak torque: 520 lb.-ft.

Common rail fuel injection and cooled EGR with SCR for emissions control make the 220-HP Hino engine compliant with 2010 emissions regulations. The engine’s Variable Geometry Turbocharger optimizes airflow by changing output based on control input from the engine's electronic control unit to control cylinder pressure and air/fuel ratio.

J05E-TP/J05E-UG

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 5L

Horsepower: 210

Peak torque: 440 lb.-ft.

Hino J05E Series engines for Hino 195 cabover truck are offered in both diesel and Diesel-Electric Hybrid versions. Fitted in the 14,500-lb GVW Class 4 and 19,500-lb GVW Class 5 COE trucks, the 210 HP J05E-TP engines are mated to an Aisin A465, 6-speed automatic transmission.

Isuzu Commercial Truck of America

www.isuzucv.com/nseries/diesel_trucks

4HK1-TC

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 5.2L

Horsepower: 215

Peak torque: 452 lb.-ft.

The Isuzu 4HK1-TC turbocharged intercooled diesel, standard on the manufacturer’s NPR-HD, NPR-XD, NQR and NRR models, is a turbocharged intercooled diesel engine equipped with electronic high-pressure common-rail direct injection, a water-cooled EGR system and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology. The engine meets EPA 2010 and California Air Resources Board HD-OBD emissions standards.

4JJ1-TC

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 3L

Horsepower: 150

Peak torque: 282 lb.-ft.

The Isuzu 4JJ1-TC turbocharged intercooled diesel, standard on the NPR ECO-MAX, is designed with electronic high-pressure common-rail direct injection and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to meet EPA 2010 and California Air Resources Board HD-OBD emissions standards.

Mack Trucks

www.macktrucks.com/powertrain-and-suspensions/engines

MP10 (aka. Volvo D16)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 16L

Horsepower: 515-605

Peak torque: 2060 lb.-ft.

The largest Mack engine in the lineup, the 605-HP MP10 has torque ratings from 1,860 to 2,060 lb.-ft. Built exclusively for the Mack Titan, the MP10 engine used in logging, oil field, coal, heavy equipment, special-permit and severe, heavy-haul applications is offered in five versions in two engine families-- MaxiCruise engines for interstates and on/off road applications and Maxidyne engines for low-speed, severe-duty conditions. Like all MP engines, the MP10 is fitted with the Mack PowerLeash engine brake.

MP8 (aka. Volvo D13)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 13L

Horsepower: 415-505

Peak torque: 1860 lb.-ft.

The MP8 engine, available in Mack Granite, Pinnacle and select TerraPro models, has torque ratings ranging from 1,460 to 1,860 lb.-ft. for heavy-duty vocational and highway applications. The MP8 engine use the same single overhead camshaft and an ultra-high-pressure fuel injection system found on other Mack engine models, and has an electronically controlled Variable Geometry Turbocharger. The MP8 is offered in three engine families, including MaxiCruise and Maxidyne versions and Econodyne models for typical interstate applications. An MP8 Econodyne 505E+uses a torque management strategy called EconoBoost to provide up to an additional 200 lb.-ft. of torque.

MP7 (aka. Volvo D11)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 11L

Horsepower: 325-405

Peak torque: 1560 lb.-ft.

Designed for weight-sensitive applications, the MP7 is offered in three engine families, including Econodyne (three HP ratings up to 1460 lb.-ft.) for typical interstate applications, MaxiCruise (three HP ratings up to 1560 lb.-ft) for interstate and on/off road applications, and Maxidyne (three HP ratings up to 1480 lb.-ft.) for severe-duty conditions, especially in off-road applications. The MP7 is offered in Mack Granite and Pinnacle models, and in the OEM’s TerraPro for refuse operations.

Mitsubishi Fuso Trucks of America

www.mitfuso.com/en-us

4P10(T5)

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 3L

Horsepower: 161

Peak torque: 295 lb.-ft.

Standard in all Canter FE/FG Series truck models, the turbocharged, dual overhead cam, four-cylinder 4P10 diesel engine delivers flat torque continuously from low through high RPMs, complemented by a two-stage turbocharger. The EPA 2010 emissions compliant engine uses SCR BlueTec emissions control technology developed by Mitsubishi Fuso and Daimler AG.

Navistar

www.internationaltrucks.com/trucks/engines

N13 (aka. MAN D26)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12.4L

Horsepower: 410-475

Peak torque: 1700 lb.-ft.

The Navistar N13 engine uses dual sequential turbochargers, including a smaller, primary turbo that responds for take-off at low engine speeds and a larger, secondary turbo to provide peak power at higher speeds and on steep grades. The SCR engine achieves peak torque at 1000 RPM.

N10 (aka. MAN D20)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 9.3L

Horsepower: 310-350

Peak torque: 1150 lb.-ft.

The N10 is built on the same Inline 6 platform as Navistar’s previous DT engine and is compatible with a range of automatic and manual driveline options for on- and off-highway applications. N10 engines are equipped with Dual Fixed Geometry turbochargers, including a smaller, primary turbo for take-off at low engine speeds, and a larger, secondary turbo that provides peak power at higher speeds and on steep grades.

N9

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 9.3L

Horsepower: 300-330

Peak torque: 950 lb.-ft.

Built on the Inline 6 platform from the Navistar DT engine line, the mid-range N9 diesel adds traditional big bore features like wet-sleeve design and dual sequential turbochargers, single-piece gallery-cooled steel pistons, and crankcase ladder reinforcement. The N9 also features an electro-hydraulic high-pressure fuel system with high-efficiency injector nozzles and advanced electronic control strategies.

MaxxForce 7

Configuration: V8

Displacement: 6.4L

Horsepower: 220-300

Peak torque: 660 lb.-ft.

MaxxForce 7 ratings have been boosted up to 300 HP and 660 lb.-ft. of torque. The engine features dual sequential turbochargers and a high-pressure common-rail fuel system. The MaxxForce 7 V8 turbodiesel is designed for medium-duty commercial trucks, including the International Trucks TerraStar model.

PACCAR

www.paccarengines.com

MX-13 (aka. DAF MX)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12.9L

Horsepower: 380-500

Peak torque: 1,850 lb.-ft.

The DAF MX-13 utilizes fractured cap technology in both the connecting rods and main bearing caps to provide high-shearing strength that results in a wide horsepower range and longer torque and power curves. The engine is now offered with expanded power offerings that include a 500 HP/1,850 lb.-ft. rating. Designed to meet the demands of linehaul and vocational heavy-duty truck applications, MX-13 model coverage includes the Kenworth T660 and T880 and Peterbilt Models 579, 587, 386, 384, 389, 367 and 365.

PX-9 (aka. Cummins ISL)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 8.9L

Horsepower: 260-450

Peak torque: 1,250 lb.-ft.

The PACCAR PX-9 engine features replaceable wet liners, roller cam followers, bypass oil filtration and targeted piston cooling. Available in both medium- and heavy-duty configurations, the engine is deigned for a range of Kenworth and Peterbilt truck models.

PX-7 (aka. Cummins ISB)

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 6.7L

Horsepower: 200-360

Peak torque: 800 lb.-ft.

The PACCAR PX-7 engine for medium-duty applications is designed for reduced maintenance and fuel efficiency. The 6.7-liter engine in horsepower ratings from 200 to 360 is offered in Kenworth and Peterbilt medium-duty truck models.

Dodge Truck (aka. Ram)

www.ramtrucks.com/en/ecodiesel

EcoDiesel (aka. VM Motori L 630 DOHC)

Configuration: Inline 4

Displacement: 3L

Horsepower: 174

Peak torque: 295 lb.-ft.

The EcoDiesel, developed and manufactured by Chrysler partner VM Motori, is offered as an option on Ram ProMaster cargo van, windowed van, chassis cab and cutaway models. The B5 biofuel capable powerplant is equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter, and selective catalytic reduction, and is emissions-compliant in all 50 states.

Volvo Trucks

www.volvotrucks.com/trucks/na/en-us/products/powertrain/Pages/powertrain.aspx

D16

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 16.1L

Horsepower: 500-600

Peak torque: 2050 lb.-ft.

Volvo’s 2014 GHG-certified D16 engine features a low-tension oil scraper ring and a clutched air compressor to reduce friction. The 2014 greenhouse gas regulation compliant engine is available in three power ratings from 500 to 600 HP. The heavy-duty XE16 package is rated for combination weights up to 143,000 lbs and was designed for North American heavy-long combination vehicles. A second XE16 package is offered for five-axle tractor-semitrailer combinations up to 80,000 lbs. The 550-HP Eco-Torque rating provides dual torque levels of 1650 and 1850 lb.-ft. by switching to a lower torque curve in the top two gears, but allowing the higher torque as needed. The D16 is sold in VNL day cabs and sleepers, and in the VNX model for linehaul and heavy haul operations.

D13

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 12.8L

Horsepower: 375-500

Peak torque: 1850 lb.-ft.

Volvo’s 2014-certified D13 is offered in 14 power ratings in a range from 375 to 500 HP. Included are two XE ratings, six Eco-Torque and three Dual-Torque ratings. The engine features 7-hole injectors, low-friction cylinder liner sand oil scraper rings and a clutched air compressor. The D13 is sold in VN day cab and sleeper, VHD and VAH Volvo truck models for linehaul, regional and vocational operations.

D11

Configuration: Inline 6

Displacement: 10.8 L

Horsepower: 355-405

Peak torque: 1550 lb.-ft.

The Volvo D11 has five power ratings in the range from 355 to 405 HP. A 385-HP Eco-torque rating provides dual torque levels for regional highway carriers in need of 1450 lb.-ft. performance and 1250 lb.-ft. fuel economy. The engine is available in VN day cabs, VAH auto haulers and VHDs for regional operations. A Rear Mounted Engine PTO option is available as well.